Transforming your outdoor space doesn’t always require major renovations. Sometimes, the perfect outdoor wall lighting can dramatically enhance your home’s curb appeal and functionality. We’ve gathered the most stunning and practical ideas to illuminate your exterior walls with style.
Whether you’re looking to create a warm, welcoming atmosphere for evening gatherings or boost security around your property, the right wall lighting makes all the difference. From sleek modern sconces to charming lantern-style fixtures, we’ll explore options that complement any architectural style while providing the illumination you need. Join us as we shed light on how to elevate your outdoor living spaces with these brilliant wall lighting answers.
The Impact of Outdoor Wall Lighting on Your Home’s Exterior
Outdoor wall lighting transforms your home’s exterior beyond mere illumination. Strategic placement of wall lights can highlight architectural features, creating depth and visual interest that’s completely absent during daylight hours. Your property’s value potentially increases with well-designed outdoor lighting, making it a worthwhile investment for homeowners planning to sell.
Security significantly improves with proper outdoor wall lighting, as well-lit exteriors deter potential intruders by eliminating dark hiding spots. Energy efficiency becomes achievable through modern LED wall fixtures that consume up to 75% less electricity than traditional lighting while lasting 25 times longer. Curb appeal instantly enhances when stylish wall sconces frame entryways or illuminate pathways, creating a welcoming atmosphere for guests.
Nighttime functionality extends your living space into evening hours, allowing continued enjoyment of outdoor areas after sunset. Weather resistance should be prioritized when selecting outdoor wall lights, with fixtures rated IP65 or higher performing reliably during heavy rain and extreme temperatures. Smart integration options now allow homeowners to control outdoor lighting through mobile apps or voice commands, providing convenience and adaptability to different situations or moods.
10 Modern Outdoor Wall Lighting Ideas for Contemporary Homes
Transform your home’s exterior with these contemporary lighting answers that blend style and functionality.
Minimalist LED Wall Sconces
Minimalist LED wall sconces offer clean lines and energy efficiency, making them perfect for contemporary homes seeking to reduce visual clutter. These fixtures provide powerful illumination while maintaining a sleek profile that complements modern architecture. Their streamlined design eliminates unnecessary ornamentation, focusing instead on pure form and function. LED technology ensures these sconces consume significantly less energy than traditional lighting options, lasting up to 25 times longer while reducing electricity usage by 75%. Many minimalist designs feature adjustable light direction, allowing you to highlight exact architectural elements or create custom lighting patterns on your exterior walls.
Geometric Lighting Fixtures
Geometric lighting fixtures add a bold, artistic element to your home’s exterior through distinctive shapes like spheres, cubes, and hexagons. These statement pieces serve as both functional lighting and architectural accents that elevate your façade’s visual appeal. Modern geometric designs often incorporate mixed materials such as brushed metal with glass or concrete elements for textural contrast. The interplay of light and shadow created by these fixtures adds depth and dimension to otherwise flat surfaces. Geometric patterns cast onto walls and surrounding areas transform your outdoor space into an artistic installation after dark. Square and rectangular options typically complement homes with angular architecture, while circular and organic shapes soften modern buildings with harsh lines.
7 Rustic Outdoor Wall Lighting Options for Country-Style Homes
The right rustic lighting can transform your country-style home’s exterior, adding character while providing essential illumination. These seven options combine traditional charm with practical functionality to enhance your outdoor spaces.
Vintage Lantern Wall Lights
Vintage lantern wall lights evoke a classic, nostalgic feel that instantly adds charm to any country-style home. These fixtures typically feature metal or glass construction with antique finishes that create an authentic period look. You’ll find these lanterns in various styles ranging from colonial American to European farmhouse designs, making it easy to match your home’s exact architectural elements. Their warm, ambient glow creates inviting pathways and entrances while complementing natural materials like stone, wood, and brick facades. Many vintage-inspired lanterns now incorporate modern technology, offering LED options that maintain traditional aesthetics while providing energy efficiency.
Wrought Iron Fixtures
Wrought iron fixtures stand as the quintessential choice for rustic outdoor lighting, prized for their exceptional durability and timeless appeal. Craftsmen often adorn these sturdy fixtures with intricate scrollwork, floral motifs, or geometric patterns that add architectural interest to plain exterior walls. Their substantial appearance makes them particularly suitable for larger country homes, barns, and ranch-style properties where proportional lighting matters. Wrought iron naturally withstands harsh weather conditions, developing a beautiful patina over time that enhances its authentic rustic character. These fixtures pair wonderfully with stone walkways, wooden beams, and other natural elements commonly found in country home exteriors.
Creative Ways to Use Outdoor Wall Lighting for Enhanced Security
Motion-Sensor Security Lights
Motion-sensor security lights offer an excellent first line of defense for your home’s exterior. These innovative fixtures automatically illuminate when they detect movement, instantly exposing potential intruders and alerting you to activity around your property. The sudden burst of light serves as both a deterrent to unwanted visitors and a convenient welcome for family members arriving home after dark. Energy efficiency is another major benefit, as these lights only operate when triggered by movement, significantly reducing electricity consumption compared to lights that remain on continuously. Many homeowners strategically position these sensors near entry points, driveways, and vulnerable areas around the property to create a comprehensive security perimeter that leaves no hiding spots for potential threats.
Smart Lighting Systems
Smart lighting systems represent the cutting edge of home security technology, combining convenience with powerful protective features. These systems can be fully controlled through smartphone apps, allowing you to adjust brightness, schedule operation times, and even change colors from anywhere in the industry. Integration capabilities make smart lighting particularly valuable, as these fixtures can connect with other home security devices like cameras and alarm systems to create a unified defense network. Programming options include vacation modes that simulate occupancy by varying light patterns when you’re away, deterring would-be burglars who might otherwise target an empty home. Many smart systems use energy-efficient LED bulbs that provide exceptional brightness while consuming minimal electricity, creating both environmental and financial benefits for homeowners seeking enhanced security answers.
Recessed and Wall-Mounted Lights
Recessed lighting offers a sleek, sophisticated approach to security illumination by integrating directly into exterior walls. These fixtures provide powerful light without protruding architectural elements, maintaining your home’s clean aesthetic while eliminating potential hiding spots around your property. Wall-mounted options come in countless styles from traditional to contemporary, allowing you to enhance security without sacrificing your home’s design language. Both lighting types can be strategically positioned to eliminate shadows and dark corners where intruders might conceal themselves, creating a well-lit perimeter that dramatically improves visibility and safety.
Industrial and Farmhouse Styles
Industrial and farmhouse lighting styles combine robust security features with distinctive aesthetic appeal. These rustic-inspired fixtures often feature durable materials like wrought iron, weathered bronze, or aged copper that withstand harsh outdoor conditions while providing reliable illumination. Farmhouse lanterns cast wide light patterns that effectively illuminate large areas around entry points and gathering spaces, eliminating dark zones where security might be compromised. Industrial fixtures typically offer exceptional brightness and coverage with their practical design focusing on functionality first, though their vintage appeal adds character to modern homes seeking security with style.
Projection Lighting
Projection lighting represents an innovative approach to security that combines visual appeal with practical protection. These systems cast patterns, images, or even your house number onto exterior walls, creating both decorative effects and improved visibility around your property. The distinctive light patterns make your home instantly recognizable and well-lit, deterring potential intruders who prefer to target darker, anonymous properties. Seasonal projection options allow you to adapt your security lighting throughout the year, from snowflakes in winter to autumn leaves in fall, maintaining strong illumination while refreshing your home’s appearance regularly.
Sustainable Security Options
Solar-powered security lights offer environmental benefits while maintaining robust protection for your property. These fixtures harness renewable energy during daylight hours, requiring no electrical wiring while providing reliable illumination exactly where needed for security purposes. Timer-equipped lighting systems allow precise control over when your security lights activate, ensuring coverage during vulnerable evening hours without unnecessary daytime operation. Motion sensors further enhance sustainability by triggering lights only when activity is detected, dramatically reducing energy consumption compared to continuously operating fixtures while still providing instant illumination when someone approaches your property.
5 Energy-Efficient Outdoor Wall Lighting Solutions
Looking to reduce your energy consumption while still keeping your home’s exterior beautifully lit? These energy-efficient lighting answers offer the perfect balance of sustainability, functionality, and style.
Solar-Powered Wall Lights
Solar-powered wall lights harness the sun’s energy to provide reliable nighttime illumination without increasing your electricity bill. These innovative fixtures use sunlight to charge internal batteries during daylight hours, then automatically activate when darkness falls. Their self-sufficient nature eliminates the need for complex electrical wiring, making installation remarkably simple even in areas far from traditional power sources. Many homeowners appreciate that solar lights require virtually no maintenance while delivering consistent performance throughout the year. With various styles available—from sleek contemporary designs to rustic lantern options—solar wall lights offer eco-friendly illumination that complements any architectural aesthetic.
LED Lighting Options
LED wall lights represent the gold standard in energy-efficient outdoor illumination, converting an impressive 80% of energy into light rather than wasting it as heat. These powerful fixtures last over 50,000 hours—far outlasting traditional bulbs—while consuming significantly less electricity. Homeowners benefit from dramatic reductions in replacement frequency and energy costs when choosing LED options. Modern LED wall sconces come in countless designs, from ultra-minimalist to elaborately decorative, ensuring compatibility with any home style. Environmental benefits extend beyond energy savings, as LED lights contain no toxic materials that might harm surrounding ecosystems. Many outdoor LED fixtures now incorporate adjustable brightness levels, allowing perfect customization for different occasions and needs.
Motion Sensor Lights
Motion sensor wall lights provide intelligent illumination that activates only when movement is detected within their sensing range. This smart technology eliminates unnecessary energy consumption during quiet periods while ensuring instant brightness exactly when needed. Security benefits are substantial, as sudden illumination often startles and deters potential intruders approaching your property. Installation in strategic locations—near entryways, driveways, and vulnerable access points—creates an effective security perimeter around your home. Energy savings accumulate quickly since these lights remain off during long periods of inactivity. Many modern motion sensor fixtures combine with energy-efficient LED technology for maximum efficiency and performance in all weather conditions.
Dusk-to-Dawn Lights
Dusk-to-dawn wall lights feature built-in photocells that automatically detect ambient light levels, turning on at sunset and off at sunrise without requiring any manual intervention. This automation ensures your home’s exterior receives consistent illumination throughout the night while eliminating the possibility of accidentally leaving lights on during daylight hours. Integration with energy-efficient LED bulbs maximizes the sustainability benefits of these convenient fixtures. Homeowners particularly value these lights for improving security and navigation around the property after dark without requiring constant attention. Various stylistic options, from traditional lanterns to contemporary sconces, allow these practical lights to enhance your home’s architectural features while providing reliable illumination.
Smart Lighting Control Systems
Smart lighting systems revolutionize outdoor illumination by offering unprecedented control through smartphone apps and home automation integration. These advanced systems allow remote adjustment of brightness levels, color temperature, and timing schedules to perfectly suit your needs and preferences. Energy consumption decreases significantly as lights operate at optimal levels rather than constant full brightness. Many smart systems include vacation modes, motion detection, and timed programs that further enhance security while minimizing waste. Integration with voice assistants like Alexa or Google Home enables convenient hands-free control of your outdoor lighting. The initial investment in smart lighting technology typically pays for itself through substantial long-term energy savings and enhanced home security benefits.
Weather-Resistant Outdoor Wall Lighting for Extreme Climates
When facing challenging environmental conditions, choosing the right outdoor wall lighting becomes crucial for durability and performance. Extreme climates demand specialized fixtures designed to withstand exact environmental challenges.
Marine-Grade Fixtures
Marine-grade outdoor wall lights are specifically engineered to combat the corrosive effects of saltwater environments. Coastal Lighting offers premium options constructed with non-corrosive materials such as 316 marine-grade stainless steel, copper, or powder-coated alloys that effectively resist rust, UV damage, and salt-laden air. These specialized fixtures feature sealed housings and tempered glass to prevent moisture ingress, crucial for maintaining functionality in coastal areas. Vivex by Maxim Lighting has developed weather-resistant coastal lighting answers that typically meet IP65 or higher ratings, ensuring complete protection against dust and water infiltration. Homeowners in seaside locations should look for fixtures with robust gasket seals around wiring junctions to block moisture effectively. Regular maintenance remains essential – cleaning salt deposits monthly will significantly extend the lifespan of these fixtures in coastal environments.
Freeze-Proof Lighting Options
Wet-rated fixtures designated for direct water exposure are absolutely essential for freeze-prone climates. Look for UL-listed “wet location” labels on lighting products, which indicate proven durability against ice, snow, and extreme temperature fluctuations ranging from -22°F to 122°F. Del Mar Fans & Lighting offers specialized wet-rated fixtures featuring corrosion-resistant finishes and fully sealed electrical components designed to prevent cracking during subzero conditions. These freeze-resistant options often incorporate durable materials like powder-coated metals that resist chipping and fading even in harsh winter environments. Tempered glass components provide crucial thermal stress resistance when faced with rapid temperature changes. Synthetic polymers such as ABS plastic or polycarbonate deliver superior impact resistance, making them ideal for areas experiencing heavy snowfall or ice accumulation. Low-voltage LED systems further enhance freeze-proof performance by reducing heat output while simultaneously improving energy efficiency in cold-weather applications.
Budget-Friendly Outdoor Wall Lighting Ideas That Look Expensive
Looking to elevate your outdoor space without draining your wallet? These budget-conscious lighting answers deliver high-end appeal at a fraction of the cost.
Mason Jar Lights and String Lights
Mason jar lights create a charming rustic ambiance that looks far more expensive than their actual cost. Simply place LED candles or fairy lights inside mason jars and hang them from hooks on your exterior walls for an instant transformation. String lights offer versatile decorative options that can be draped across fences or arranged to create a cozy canopy effect, providing warm illumination that enhances any outdoor gathering space.
Solar Path Lights as Ambient Lighting
Solar path lights serve as excellent ambient lighting answers without requiring complex wiring or installation. These eco-friendly fixtures absorb sunlight during the day and automatically illuminate your pathways at night, creating a sophisticated lighting pattern that enhances security while adding visual interest to your outdoor areas.
Up-and-Down Wall Lighting with Modern Designs
Contemporary wall fixtures featuring exposed bulbs or mixed metal finishes deliver a high-end modern aesthetic without the premium price tag. These up-and-down lighting designs cast light in multiple directions, creating dramatic wall-washing effects that highlight architectural features. Choosing LED options for these fixtures ensures both energy efficiency and long-term savings.
DIY Lighting Projects
Repurposed items make for stunning custom lighting answers that showcase creativity and style. Transform old lanterns, tin cans, or glass bottles into unique wall-mounted fixtures using LED candles or fairy lights. These personalized creations often garner more compliments than expensive store-bought alternatives while adding distinctive character to your home’s exterior.
Candlelight installations offer another affordable yet elegant lighting option for outdoor spaces. Simple wall-mounted candleholders or hurricane lamps create a warm, inviting atmosphere that feels luxurious and timeless. The gentle flickering light produces a high-end ambiance that belies their modest cost.
Affordable Store-Bought Options
Kichler Barrie 16″ Outdoor Wall Light represents an exceptional value at under $62. This sophisticated fixture features beveled glass panels that create beautiful light patterns and provides elegant illumination that rivals much more expensive options. Its quality construction and classic design make it appear far more costly than its actual price point.
Progress Lighting Edition Sconce delivers upscale style for approximately $79. This attractive wall-mounted light showcases a water glass shade that diffuses light beautifully, creating a premium appearance that enhances your home’s exterior. Its classic lines and quality materials provide lasting appeal without stretching your budget.
How to Position Outdoor Wall Lighting for Maximum Effect
Strategic placement of outdoor wall lighting can dramatically enhance your home’s exterior while ensuring optimal functionality. The right positioning transforms ordinary spaces into stunning showcases of architectural beauty and creates a welcoming atmosphere.
Task Lighting for Security and Functionality
Task lighting serves an essential purpose near entryways and high-traffic areas. Install fixtures at 66-72 inches height near doors and gates to provide necessary illumination for safe navigation. Downward-facing fixtures like gooseneck barn lights and recessed sconces work exceptionally well for security purposes, casting light directly onto steps and entry points. When installing lights in exposed areas, always select wet-rated fixtures that can withstand direct rainfall and harsh weather conditions.
For ambient illumination along walkways or patios, space wall-mounted fixtures approximately 6-8 feet apart. Upward-facing designs featuring seeded or beveled glass diffuse light softly, creating a warm and inviting glow rather than harsh spotlights. This balanced spacing ensures consistent lighting without overwhelming the space.
Highlighting Architectural Features
Directional wall sconces can dramatically emphasize your home’s unique textures and structural elements. Position accent lighting at 30-45 degree angles to highlight stone or brick walls, creating captivating shadow patterns that bring depth to flat surfaces. Columns and decorative moldings gain remarkable dimension when illuminated from strategic angles.
Create visual symmetry by flanking architectural elements with matching fixtures. Identical lanterns on either side of garage doors or windows enhance curb appeal while bringing balance to your home’s facade. Farmhouse or industrial-style fixtures particularly complement this symmetrical approach, adding character while maintaining cohesion.
The size of your lighting fixtures should correspond to your wall proportions. Larger walls benefit from oversized lanterns that make a bold statement, while compact spaces require flush-mount designs that provide illumination without overwhelming the area. Proportionate fixtures create harmony and prevent visual imbalance that can detract from your home’s appearance.
Creating Depth with Light Layering
Carry out a three-tier lighting approach to achieve truly sophisticated outdoor illumination. Combine wall lights for ambient illumination, pathway lights for practical task lighting, and decorative string lights for visual interest. This multidimensional strategy creates depth and allows different areas of your outdoor space to serve various functions simultaneously.
Install fixtures at varying heights to generate ever-changing shadow play across your exterior surfaces. Mid-wall sconces paired with overhead lighting cast interesting patterns on landscaping, pergolas, and other architectural features. These intentional shadow effects add visual texture and create a more captivating nighttime environment.
Mix lighting temperatures to differentiate zones and create visual interest. Pair warm-white wall lights (2700K-3000K) with slightly cooler path lights to subtly delineate different functional areas. This temperature variation adds sophistication to your lighting design while maintaining an overall cohesive look.
Seasonal Outdoor Wall Lighting Ideas for Year-Round Appeal
Your outdoor wall lighting can adapt to every season, creating the perfect ambiance for any time of year. We’ve compiled versatile lighting answers that offer both functionality and style regardless of the weather or occasion.
General Ideas
- Recessed or Wall-Mounted Lights transform any outdoor space with their versatile appeal. These fixtures come in many shapes, styles, and colors, making them perfect for modern settings like porches, patios, or garden walls. Their clean installation provides consistent illumination throughout the year while maintaining your home’s aesthetic.
- Designer Wall Sconces elevate your exterior with distinctive visual appeal. From sleek contemporary designs to rustic industrial and farmhouse styles, these fixtures offer tremendous versatility for seasonal decorating. Their prominent placement creates perfect anchor points for additional seasonal decorations.
- Projection Lighting creates ever-changing visual interest by displaying patterns onto your exterior walls. This innovative option allows you to easily switch between seasonal themes—from summer florals to autumn leaves to winter snowflakes—without changing your permanent fixtures. The projected designs instantly transform your outdoor space for any holiday or season.
Summer Entertainment Lighting
- Warm Color Schemes set the perfect mood for summer gatherings and outdoor dining. Utilizing lights with red and orange tones creates a vibrant, energetic atmosphere that complements the season’s natural warmth. These warm hues enhance outdoor entertaining spaces and make summer evenings more inviting.
- Layered Lighting combines different light sources to create versatile outdoor spaces perfect for summer entertaining. Ambient wall lights provide general illumination while strategically placed task lighting illuminates exact areas like outdoor kitchens or dining spaces. This combination ensures your outdoor space remains functional and welcoming long after sunset.
Winter Holiday Lighting Options
- Holiday-Themed Projections instantly transform your home’s exterior for the winter season. These specialized projection lights display festive motifs like snowflakes, reindeer, or holiday messages directly onto your walls or other surfaces. The technology offers an easy way to create dramatic holiday displays without extensive installation.
- String Lights wrapped around exterior features add magical winter ambiance. Draping these versatile lights along railings, columns, or around doorways creates a warm, inviting glow during the coldest months. LED options provide energy-efficient illumination that can withstand winter weather while creating a festive atmosphere.
Additional Tips
- Sustainability should guide your seasonal lighting choices for environmental and economic benefits. Energy-efficient LED lights consume significantly less power while providing bright illumination for all your seasonal needs. Solar-powered options eliminate electricity costs entirely, while timers and motion sensors ensure lights operate only when needed, reducing unnecessary energy consumption throughout the year.
Choosing the Right Outdoor Wall Lighting for Your Home’s Style
Outdoor wall lighting offers endless possibilities to enhance your home’s exterior while adding functionality and security. We’ve explored options for every style from contemporary to rustic along with practical considerations like weather resistance and energy efficiency.
Remember that the perfect lighting solution balances form and function. Whether you prefer minimalist LED sconces sleek security fixtures or budget-friendly DIY options there’s something for every home and budget.
By strategically positioning fixtures and considering seasonal needs you’ll create an inviting atmosphere that extends your living space outdoors. With today’s technology you don’t have to sacrifice style for efficiency or security.
Transform your exterior today with these lighting ideas and watch your home shine in a whole new light.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the benefits of outdoor wall lighting?
Outdoor wall lighting enhances curb appeal, improves security by eliminating dark spots, and extends the functionality of outdoor spaces into evening hours. Strategic placement can highlight architectural features and increase property value. Modern LED fixtures offer energy efficiency, consuming up to 75% less electricity and lasting 25 times longer than traditional options.
How do I choose the right outdoor wall lighting style for my home?
Consider your home’s architectural style—modern homes pair well with minimalist LED sconces and geometric fixtures, while country-style homes benefit from vintage lanterns and wrought iron fixtures. Focus on weather-resistant materials appropriate for your climate. Ensure the scale and finish complement your exterior while providing adequate illumination for your needs.
What are the most energy-efficient outdoor lighting options?
The most energy-efficient options include solar-powered wall lights that use sunlight for illumination, LED lights that convert 80% of energy into light, motion sensor lights that activate only when needed, dusk-to-dawn lights that adjust automatically, and smart lighting systems that allow precise control of usage patterns.
How can outdoor wall lighting improve home security?
Outdoor lighting improves security by eliminating dark areas where intruders could hide. Motion-sensor lights detect movement and illuminate automatically. Smart lighting systems allow remote control and scheduling. Strategic placement near entry points, driveways, and vulnerable areas creates visibility that deters potential intruders while enhancing navigation safety for residents.
What features should I look for in weather-resistant outdoor lighting?
Look for fixtures with appropriate IP (Ingress Protection) ratings—at least IP65 for most outdoor uses. In coastal areas, choose marine-grade stainless steel (316-grade). For cold climates, select freeze-proof options with UL “wet location” certification. Ensure fixtures have sealed housings to prevent moisture damage and materials that resist UV fading and temperature fluctuations.
Where should outdoor wall lights be positioned for maximum effect?
Position lights at appropriate heights—typically 66-72 inches for entryways and 8-10 feet for larger fixtures. Place task lighting near entry points and high-traffic areas. Create visual symmetry with matching fixtures flanking architectural features. Implement three-tier lighting using different heights to create depth. Highlight architectural elements with directional sconces aimed at specific features.
Are there budget-friendly outdoor wall lighting options?
Yes, affordable options include mason jar lights, string lights, solar path lights, and modern up-and-down wall fixtures with exposed bulbs. DIY projects using repurposed items offer unique solutions. Brands like Kichler and Progress Lighting offer elegant designs at reasonable prices. Solar-powered fixtures eliminate wiring costs and reduce electricity bills over time.
How can I integrate smart technology with outdoor wall lighting?
Choose smart-compatible fixtures or retrofit existing lights with smart bulbs or switches. Look for systems that work with your preferred platform (Alexa, Google Home, Apple HomeKit). Smart integration allows remote control via mobile apps, voice commands, scheduling capabilities, and coordination with other smart home devices. Some systems offer energy usage monitoring and adaptive brightness features.
What are good seasonal lighting options for year-round use?
Install permanent, weather-resistant fixtures like recessed or wall-mounted lights for consistent illumination. Add designer sconces that complement seasonal decorations. Consider projection lighting for dynamic seasonal displays. For summer, use warm color schemes and layered lighting. Winter options include holiday-themed projections and string lights. Choose energy-efficient LEDs for sustainability.
How do minimalist LED sconces differ from traditional outdoor lighting?
Minimalist LED sconces feature clean lines and slim profiles compared to bulkier traditional fixtures. They’re more energy-efficient, converting 80% of energy to light versus 20% for incandescent bulbs. LEDs last 25 times longer and offer more consistent color temperature options. Modern designs emphasize functionality with reduced decorative elements while providing directed light patterns that minimize light pollution.
